980 research outputs found
Words of Engel type are concise in residually finite groups
Given a group-word w and a group G, the verbal subgroup w(G) is the one generated
by all w-values in G. The word w is said to be concise if w(G) is finite whenever the set
of w-values in G is finite. In the sixties P. Hall asked whether every word is concise but
later Ivanov answered this question in the negative. On the other hand, Hall\u2019s question
remains wide open in the class of residually finite groups. In the present article we
show that various generalizations of the Engel word are concise in residually finite
groups
Ground State Laser Cooling Beyond the Lamb-Dicke Limit
We propose a laser cooling scheme that allows to cool a single atom confined
in a harmonic potential to the trap ground state . The scheme assumes
strong confinement, where the oscillation frequency in the trap is larger than
the effective spontaneous decay width, but is not restricted to the Lamb-Dicke
limit, i.e. the size of the trap ground state can be larger than the optical
wavelength. This cooling scheme may be useful in the context of quantum
computations with ions and Bose-Einstein condensation.Comment: 6 pages, 4 figures, to appear in Europhysics Letter
Structural defects in ion crystals by quenching the external potential: the inhomogeneous Kibble-Zurek mechanism
The non-equilibrium dynamics of an ion chain in a highly anisotropic trap is
studied when the transverse trap frequency is quenched across the value at
which the chain undergoes a continuous phase transition from a linear to a
zigzag structure. Within Landau theory, an equation for the order parameter,
corresponding to the transverse size of the zigzag structure, is determined
when the vibrational motion is damped via laser cooling. The number of
structural defects produced during a linear quench of the transverse trapping
frequency is predicted and verified numerically. It is shown to obey the
scaling predicted by the Kibble-Zurek mechanism, when extended to take into
account the spatial inhomogeneities of the ion chain in a linear Paul trap.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figure
Nano-friction in cavity quantum electrodynamics
The dynamics of cold trapped ions in a high-finesse resonator results from
the interplay between the long-range Coulomb repulsion and the cavity-induced
interactions. The latter are due to multiple scatterings of laser photons
inside the cavity and become relevant when the laser pump is sufficiently
strong to overcome photon decay. We study the stationary states of ions coupled
with a mode of a standing-wave cavity as a function of the cavity and laser
parameters, when the typical length scales of the two self-organizing
processes, Coulomb crystallization and photon-mediated interactions, are
incommensurate. The dynamics are frustrated and in specific limiting cases can
be cast in terms of the Frenkel-Kontorova model, which reproduces features of
friction in one dimension. We numerically recover the sliding and pinned
phases. For strong cavity nonlinearities, they are in general separated by
bistable regions where superlubric and stick-slip dynamics coexist. The cavity,
moreover, acts as a thermal reservoir and can cool the chain vibrations to
temperatures controlled by the cavity parameters and by the ions phase. These
features are imprinted in the radiation emitted by the cavity, which is readily
measurable in state-of-art setups of cavity quantum electrodynamics.Comment: 9 pages, 7 figure
Entangled light pulses from single cold atoms
The coherent interaction between a laser-driven single trapped atom and an
optical high-finesse resonator allows to produce entangled multi-photon light
pulses on demand. The mechanism is based on the mechanical effect of light. The
degree of entanglement can be controlled through the parameters of the laser
excitation. Experimental realization of the scheme is within reach of current
technology. A variation of the technique allows for controlled generation of
entangled subsequent pulses, with the atomic motion serving as intermediate
memory of the quantum state.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figures, revised version (new scheme for generation of
subsequent pairs of entangled pulses included). Accepted for publication in
Phys. Rev. Let
Mott insulator states of ultracold atoms in optical resonators
We study the low temperature physics of an ultracold atomic gas in the
potential formed inside a pumped optical resonator. Here, the height of the
cavity potential, and hence the quantum state of the gas, depends not only on
the pump parameters, but also on the atomic density through a dynamical
a.c.-Stark shift of the cavity resonance. We derive the Bose-Hubbard model in
one dimension, and use the strong coupling expansion to determine the parameter
regime in which the system is in the Mott-insulator state. We predict the
existence of overlapping, competing Mott states, and bistable behavior in the
vicinity of the shifted cavity resonance, controlled by the pump parameters.
Outside these parameter regions, the state of the system is in most cases
superfluid.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figures. Substantially revised version. To appear in Phys.
Rev. Let
Quantum coherence and population trapping in three-photon processes
The spectroscopic properties of a single, tightly trapped atom are studied,
when the electronic levels are coupled by three laser fields in an -shaped
configuration of levels, whereby a -type level system is weakly
coupled to a metastable state. We show that depending on the laser frequencies
the response can be tuned from coherent population trapping at two-photon
resonance to novel behaviour at three photon resonance, where the metastable
state can get almost unit occupation in a wide range of parameters. For certain
parameter regimes the system switches spontaneously between dissipative and
coherent dynamics over long time scales
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